Help me understand Views and its usage.

I created categories on the site using taxonomy and a couple of modules, and I made a views block that displays image links leading to a specific content type.

In the content type, I specified a field linking to the taxonomy to indicate the category where I add the content.

Next, how can I make it so that instead of the content, this views block is displayed, which would generate a table of images that are categorized under one of the taxonomy terms?

Simply placing the block in the main section of the site (probably the region) makes it visible everywhere; I tried setting filters for content with Has taxonomy ID and played with the settings, but the block still shows up all the time and everywhere.

Please advise.